2011年8月23日 星期二

信耶穌得永生到底是甚麼意思呢?

信耶穌得永生,這句話源自於約翰福音3章,有人認為信了耶穌死後就可以得永恆的生命,而聖經是怎麼說的呢?回到聖經上來看,我們從約翰福音3章來看,有幾個重要的主題:重生、進神的國與永生,而要讀約翰福音要非常熟悉妥拉、會幕,來看論到永生的約翰福音3:15,當中有兩個動詞,一個是〝信〞,一個是〝有〞〈中文翻成得〉,還有以名詞和形容詞組合的字 - 永生,信在原文除了信以外同時還有忠心的意思,所以在聖經的教導,信的人同時也會忠心,而這動詞的時態文法是現在 主動 分詞,所以是〝現在正主動持續不斷信〞。
而另一個動詞〝有〞〈中文翻成得〉,時態文法是現在 主動 假設語氣,意思是現在就擁有,而假設語氣是條件子句,意思要有甚麼條件才會成立這件事,然而這個動詞〝有〞,其實不是一般認知的得到擁有,比方說我有一個禮物,這個動詞其實是表示〝建立關係或是關係親近〞,在亞蘭文與希伯來文新約聖經中的約翰福音3:15-16是用表示關係的〝Yimtsa遇見〞、找到,就好比兒子找到、遇見父親的意思或是人在神眼中找到恩惠、恩典這種關係的產生與建立,而在約翰福音3:36則是用〝Yesh-Lo現在有屬某人〞這樣的關係語法,在亞蘭文與希伯來文經常用Yesh-Lo來表示我有一個兒子〈女兒〉或是我有一個妻子〈丈夫〉,所以從希臘文、亞蘭文、希伯來文來看,會發現這個動詞意思是現在主動就持續不斷有甚麼關係親近或是建立。
而永生這個字其實常在舊約看見,意思是永恆〈永遠〉的生命,而舊約很多地方中文翻成永生,在猶太人的信仰文化思想裡,永生一詞其實是指神,因為在舊約經常 稱神是永生神,所以永生是神的其中一個代名詞,中文聖經很多地方並沒有把時態文法翻出來,英文聖經比較好些,但有些詞彙也是很難表達清楚,例如舊約中論到 永生或是永生神,其實原文的意思有幾個:Chay-YHVH〈中文翻成永生神,其實可以也翻成生命的神、活神、活人的神,所以主耶穌說神是活人的神就是從 這字來的〉、Chay Ani Leolam〈中文翻成我的永生,可以翻成我的生命到永遠〉、El-Chay〈中文也翻永生神,可以翻成生命的神或是活神〉,而新約翻成永生神的原文原意 有活神及永生神兩種,然而永生在猶太人當中一直都是神的代名詞之一,而約翰福音3章中的永生ζωὴν αἰώνιον這希臘文組合字經常出現在舊約希臘文七十士譯本中,翻成永生神,所以從這就可以知道永生真的意思是甚麼以及來源。

所以從整個約翰福音3章來看,會發現信子得永生其實是在說明現在信並忠心在主耶穌裡面就現在與神和好,並且得以見永生神的面,就如同可以進入會幕晉見神的榮面,就如希伯來書所說來到神面前的人現在必須信,這就是為何約翰福音3:36用〝Yesh-Lo現在有屬某人〞這樣的關係語法來表達信並忠心的人與永生神和好恢復關係,而後面不信或是信卻不忠心的人是用不能見、看見這樣的動詞來表示不能看見神的面這樣關係的斷絕。

所以信子得永生真的的意思並不是為了得著永恆的生命,而是表示神與人在主耶穌基督裡和好恢復關係,並常在主耶穌基督裡見神的面,如同兒子常看見父親的面這樣親近的關係,而永恆的生命是因為信而忠心常在主耶穌基督裡與神常保持關係而附加的,重點在於能常常見神的面,不再與神隔絕,而不是為了獲得永生。

所以從約翰福音3章整段經文提醒我們要持續不斷信而忠心常在主耶穌基督裡,並且與神保持親近的關係,如同兒子時常見父親的面一樣,並不是想要得著甚麼獎賞這樣的心態,所以我們可以從這經文反思與神的關係如何,是否常信而忠心於主道,常在主耶穌裡面,並常與神保持親近關係,所以我們在閱讀聖經時,盡量不要截斷經文然後斷章取義解讀,不然很容易偏離聖經所要教導的主題與焦點,結果弄錯真正的主題,原本是提醒我們要持續不斷信而忠心常在主耶穌裡面,並且與神保持如同父子親近的關係,不與神的面隔絕,卻變成在討論是否得到永恆的生命,偏離主題連心態也跟著偏。

1 則留言:

  1. Shalom!
    I read this post by using Google Translate.

    I would like to take the opportunity to speak more about forgiveness as it is taught by Torah and was taught by the first century Jewish Messiah. It will be lengthy in order to make it understandable.

    (To differentiate,)
    This is what the Jewish Messiah must have taught about ‘salvation’ – if he was a legitimate prophet according to Deuteronomy 13:1-6 in Hebrew: He was called Y’hoshua and Christians later changed his name to “Jesus” and changed his teachings [See documentation at www.netzarim.co.il ].

    As stipulated in Deuteronomy. 6:4-9,11:13-21 one is required to keep all of the directives of Torâh′ to one’s utmost—viz., “with all one’s heart, psyche and might [lit. "very"]“—”for the purpose of extending your days and the days of your children… like the days of the heavens above the earth” (i.e., eternal life). According to the Hebrew Bible, Ezekiel chapter 18 et.al, the Creator confer His atonement in His loving kindness to those and only those turning away from their Torah [Books of Moses]-transgressions and (re)turning to non-selectively observance of the commandments in the books of Moses. Everyone has transgressed the commandments in the books of Moses and it is possible to obtain forgiveness from the Creator in His loving kindness when living in the above way. The Creator has promised this in His Bible – which is in Hebrew – and He doesn’t lie.

    Thus, the way of ‘salvation’ in NT, referred to in the NT, contradicts the books of Moses and what the Jewish first century Messiah called Y’hoshua taught. I am a former Christian and understand that after having studied Torah in Hebrew according to etymology. The Creator wants to forgive, but ONLY as long as we do our best to keep His Will.

    According to Torah, the Creator is the ONLY one who can forgive Torah-transgressions committed towards Him. The Jewish Messiah would be a human according to the Messianic prophecies, NOT a ‘divine saviour’.
    Proof in this article: Link

    Doing your utmost to follow the directives of Torah – the books of Moses – will lead you into an immensely meaningful relationship with the Creator. I have been doing this for more than four years and it has led me into a great relationship with the Creator.

    All the best!
    Anders Branderud

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